Negative thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness, depression and anxiety, and can even affect a person’s physical health. There are many different causes of negative thinking. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to negative thinking, while others may have developed negative thinking patterns as a result of past experiences. Negative thinking can also be triggered by stress, trauma, or other life events.
Patterns of negative thinking
One of the most common forms of negative thinking is called cognitive distortion. This term is used to describe a pattern of thinking that is not based in reality. These patterns are characterised by thoughts that are distorted, biased, or irrational. They can lead to negative emotions and can prevent a person from making sound decisions.
All-or-nothing thinking
- One of the most common types of cognitive distortion is all-or-nothing thinking. This is when a person sees things in black and white, with no gray area in between. For example, a person may think that if they don’t do something perfectly, it’s a complete failure. This type of thinking can lead to feelings of inadequacy and can prevent a person from trying new things or taking risks. Examples of all-or-nothing thinking:
- “I didn’t get the promotion, so I must be a failure at my job.”
- “If I can’t stick to my diet perfectly, I might as well give up and eat junk food all day.”
- “I didn’t get an A on my test, so I must be ignorant.”
- “If I can’t run a marathon, I’m not a real runner.”
- “If I don’t get the perfect score, the test is invalid.”
Catastrophizing
- Another common type of cognitive distortion is catastrophizing. This is when a person exaggerates the potential negative consequences of a situation. For example, a person may think that if they don’t get a promotion at work, they’ll never be able to find a job again. This type of thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness and can prevent a person from taking action to improve their situation. Examples:
- “I can never do anything right.”
- “This situation is completely hopeless.”
- “If I fail this test, my life will be ruined.”
- “Everyone thinks I’m a failure.”
- “This one mistake defines me as a person.”
Personalisation
- Personalisation is another cognitive distortion where a person takes things personally that are not their fault. For example, a person may think that if someone else is upset, it’s because of them. This type of thinking can lead to feelings of guilt and can prevent a person from building healthy relationships. Examples:
- “It’s all my fault that my friend is upset.”
- “If I had only done things differently, I wouldn’t be in this situation.”
- “I’m the only one to blame for this problem.”
- “If people don’t like me, it’s because I’m not good enough.”
- “If things aren’t going well, it must be because I’m not trying hard enough.”
Negative Filtering
- Negative filtering is another type of cognitive distortion, where a person focuses on the negative aspects of a situation, while ignoring the positive. This type of thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness and can prevent a person from seeing the good in their lives. Examples:
- “I only focus on the negatives and ignore the positives.”
- “Even when things are going well, I find something to complain about.”
- “I always remember the mistakes I made, but never the successes.”
- “I only see the bad in people and overlook their positive qualities.”
- “I magnify the negatives and minimise the positives in my life.”
Overgeneralisation
- Overgeneralisation is yet another type of cognitive distortion, where a person makes a broad generalisation based on a single event or piece of information. For example, a person may think that if they fail a test, they are a failure. This type of thinking can lead to feelings of inadequacy and can prevent a person from trying again. Examples:
- “I always fail at everything I try.”
- “Things never work out for me.”
- “Everyone is against me.”
- “I will never be happy.”
- “Life is always difficult and nothing good ever happens.”
Rumination
- Another common form of negative thinking is rumination. This is when a person dwells on negative thoughts and experiences, instead of letting them go. Rumination can lead to a cycle of negative thinking, where a person becomes trapped in their thoughts and can’t escape them. Examples:
- “I can’t stop thinking about what went wrong in the past.”
- “I keep replaying negative events in my head over and over.”
- “I dwell on my mistakes and feel guilty for days.”
- “I obsess over things I said or did wrong and feel ashamed.”
- “I keep thinking about what I could have done differently in a past situation.”
To overcome cognitive distortions, it’s important to recognise when you’re engaging in them. Once you’ve identified the problem, you can begin to challenge and change your thoughts.
The good news is that negative thinking can be treated
The first step is to recognise when you’re engaging in negative thinking patterns. Once you’ve identified the problem, you can begin to challenge and change your thoughts. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, mindfulness, and self-reflection.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thinking patterns. With the help of a a therapist or through self-help books and online resources, individuals identify and challenge unhelpful thought patterns and beliefs.
Mindfulness
Mindfulness is a practice that involves paying attention to the present moment, without judgment. This can help a person to be more aware of their thoughts and emotions, and to recognise when they’re engaging in negative thinking patterns.
Self-reflection
Self-reflection is the process of taking time to reflect on your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, and to identify areas where you can improve.
Ready to take the next step?
Another essential step in treating negative thinking is to take care of your physical and emotional health. This includes getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in regular exercise. It’s also important to develop healthy coping mechanisms for dealing with stress, such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga.
In conclusion, negative thinking is a common problem that can have a significant impact on a person’s mental and physical health. Try to recognise when you’re engaging in negative thinking patterns, and take steps to change them. With the right tools and support, it is possible to overcome negative thinking and to improve your overall well-being.
